Hanging Valleys
As a glacier bulldozes its way down a valley, it cuts into the sides of
the valley, making them steeper. In places, smaller, less powerful (erosive),
tributary glaciers join the main glacier. However, they cannot erode down
as deeply as the larger glacier in the main valley, and so when the ice melts,
hanging valleys are left behind valleys which meet the main valley,
but at a higher level. Often, streams flow over these hanging valleys as
waterfalls.

This hanging valley at Skaftafell formed when a tributary glacier (now
melted) could not carve a valley as deep as the main glacier. The tributary
glacier has melted and the level of the main glacier has also dropped. Photo © Martin
Hind, Highland Council Ranger Service.

Loch Arklet (centre, back) to the east of Loch Lomond (foreground)
lies in a hanging valley. A less erosive glacier carved out this shallow
valley.
Photo © Diane Mitchell, National Museums of Scotland.
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